Maculinea arion pdf file

In addition, the file contains supplementary results, including character and tree statistics, tree reconstruction maximum parsimony. The large blue phengaris arion is a species of butterfly in the family lycaenidae. Changes in chemical signature and host specificity from larval retrieval to full social integration in the myrmecophilous butterfly maculinea rebeli. Maculinea alcon alconides korb, maculinea alcon alconides korb. This is the largest and rarest of our blue butterflies, distinguished by the unmistakable row of black spots on its upper forewing. This species was found to be less closely related to most other supposed members of maculinea than the traditional phengaris species, and hence the two genera were merged to form a monophyletic group. The endangered large blue butterfly maculinea arion has an extraordinary reproduction biology and shows a strong relative constancy of habitat. Population dynamics and conservation of a specialized predator. Pdf it has long been known that phengaris maculinea arion has a complex lifecycle involving the social parasitisation of ants. As a result, many extant populations are considered endangered and only exist because they are actively managed.

Vertical evolution and horizontal transfer of cr1 nonltr. Hostant specificity of endangered large blue butterflies. The evolution of alternative parasitic life histories in. Request pdf population demography of the endangered large blue butterfly maculinea arion in europe demographic parameters such as survival, sex ratio and abundance can profoundly affect the. All over europe, it experienced severe declines during the 20th century, especially in the northern part of the species range wynhoff, 1998. In 1979 the species became extinct in britain but has been successfully reintroduced with new conservation methods. Large blue ovipositing note egg already laid on lower right of thyme flower, site h, somerset habitats in europe the butterfly can be found in a wide variety of habitats including coastal cliffs, limestone gorges, stony plateaux, and alpine pastures. Large blue butterfly, maculinea arion factsheet page 2 eu wildlife and sustainable farming project 2009 habitat requirements the large blue is found in dry grassland, on sandy and calcareous soils. It has long been known that phengaris maculinea arion has a complex lifecycle involving the social parasitisation of ants. Large blue butterflies, phengaris maculinea, are an important focus of endangeredspecies conservation in eurasia. Alternatively, maculinea could be restricted to the one or two species. The british subspecies of maculinea arion eutyphron was described briefly by the german entomologist hans fruhstorfer surprisingly during the first world war in 1915.

Population demography of the endangered large blue. Genetic differentiation among the maculinea species. Replacement name for maculinea arion tatsienluica oberth, 1910 praeocc. Cr1 clade of nonltr retrotransposons from maculinea. Especially in eastern europe, it may be associated with forest edges or open areas in woodlands. Maculinea arion linnaeus, 1758 the large blue phengaris arion is a species of butterfly in the family lycaenidae. Phengaris is currently defined to include the genus maculinea. Inside the ants nest the butterfly larva feeds undetected on ant grubs the predatory butterfly larvae need nests of a certain size to survive minimum over 350. Although endangered in parts of western europe these are from further east. Ptes final report the collateral gains for biodiversity on sites. Conservation umbrellas are charismatic species, the conservation of which also conserves the high diversity of associated plants and animals.

The biology and ecology of the large blue butterfly. Plus, maculinea arion is fairly large species, the wing span of this species can rich 1620 mm. Large blues maculinea arion are, like many other lycaenids, examples of carnivorous butterflies. In 1979 the species became extinct in britain but has been successfully reintroduced with new. Most populations have disappeared as a result of habitat destruction and. Unfortunately the large blue maculinea arion became extinct. Nonlong terminal repeat nonltr retrotransposons are mobile genetic elements that propagate themselves by reverse transcription of an rna intermediate. At present, this relationship is thought to be highly specific, with myrmica schencki being regarded as the primary host. Monitor a suite of species, on large blue butterfly sites in somerset and the cotswolds. Maculinea nausithous bergstrasser, dusky large blue, dunkle wiesenknopfameisenblauling, azure des paluds.

The ecology and conservation of maculinea arion and other. Reconstructing eight decades of genetic variation in an. The large blue butterfly, phengaris maculinea arion lepidoptera, lycaenidae, is a textbook example of a charismatic endangered invertebrate, intensively studied throughout europe and protected by the eu habitat directive. Anhangsart thymian ameisenblauling maculinea arion untersucht. Report on the main results of the surveillance under. Laterinstar phengaris caterpillars live in myrmica ant nests and exploit the ant colonys resources, and they are specialized to specific hostant species. The type species of the latter was the alcon blue m.

The sister genus to the phengarismaculinea clade was caerulea. Traditionally in europe, five maculinea species are recognized. Gattung maculinea beziehungsweise glaucopsyche als ameisenblaulinge. A phylogenetic revision of the glaucopsyche section. The large blue butterfly, phengaris maculinea arion lepidoptera, lycaenidae, is a textbook example of a charismatic endangered invertebrate, intensively. Maximum solid line and minimum dashed line counts from the best day during the flight season. Phengaris cyanecula eversmann, 1848, fric et al, 2007. Here we present data on six populations from poland and austria, including the first record of myrmica specioides as a host, together with published.

The large blue butterfly maculinea arion linnaeus, 1758 is a palaearctic, obligatory myrmecophilous butterfly. Downloadsukbms%20g1%20transect%20monitoring%20summary. An individual based model for the conser ation of the. Not surprising, maculinea arion was in every naturalist collection of victorian england. A history of the large blue maculinea arion subspecies eutyphron. If you are generating a pdf of a journal article or book chapter, please feel free to enter the title and author information. The large blue butterfly, phengaris maculinea arion, as. The recent distribution of the european maculinea species article pdf available in journal of insect conservation 21.

Pdf the biology and ecology of the large blue butterfly phengaris. The prevalence and the pattern of the infestation highly differ among maculinea species. The large blue butterfly, maculinea arion, is one of many butterfly species that have declined in europe during the last century, both in terms of population numbers and population connectivity. An maculinea in nahilalakip ha familia nga lycaenidae. Larvae and pupae of the obligatorily myrmecophilous phengaris maculinea arion were found for the first time in nests of myrmica rugulosa, m. All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the creative commons cc0 license. This endangered lycaenid butterfly needs two resources for development. Pdf maculinea nausithous bergstrasser, was recently discovered in two parts of the transylvanian basin. Maculinea alcon and maculinea arion are infected in 100 %, each of these species with a single strain, but the infection level of maculinea nausithous and maculinea teleiusismuchlower,additionally,theyareinfect. Larval niche selection and evening exposure enhance adoption framgenta a predacious social parasite, maculinea arion large blue butterflyby myrmica ants. The species was first defined in 1758 and first recorded in britain in 1795. Thus maculinea butterflies are regularly used for logos and on stamps anon. Text should have a standard layout introduction, material and methods, results, discussion, possible conclusions, acknowledgementsreferences and a brief but. The book contains 14 introductory and main text pages, 52 tables, figures or graphs, and 2 indices.

Host ant specificity of large blue butterflies phengaris maculinea. Their struggle for survival and the ways they took in their evolutionary. The biodiversity heritage library works collaboratively to make biodiversity literature openly available to the world as part of a global biodiversity community. Download acrobat pdf file 105kb supplementary data 2. The female only slightly darkerbordered than the male type cornwall, england, a series in the ch blachiers collection. Maculinea formed a monophyletic clade and five of the species m. Horizontal transmission is believed to be a very rare event in nonltr retrotransposons. Lycaena arion alconides aurivillius,lycaena alcon alconides dahlstrom, from wikipedia, nausothous free encyclopedia. The large blue has a remarkable life cycle that involves spending most of the year within the nests of red ants, where the larvae feed on ant grubs. Sequences of cr1 nonltr retrotransposons were deposited in genbank under accession numbers. Papillons lycaenidae maculinea arion linnaeus, 1758. Butterflies of europe, 2004 out of print is now available as a pdf file 73 380mo. European populations of the large blue butterfly maculinea arion have experienced severe declines during the 20th century, especially in the northern part of the species range. It is interactive so you can click and go directly to the aim page.

Controversial patterns of wolbachia infestation in the. However, until late 70th little was known about their unique and fascinating life cycle. First observation of one maculinea arion pupa in myrmica lobicornis nest in poland. He wrote males as rule relatively small and pale, the forewings at the most four weak spots. However, research triggered by the extinction of the original uk population of p. Nonltr retrotransposons are known to evolve mainly via vertical transmission and random loss. Large blues maculinea are one of the best known members of the family lycaenidae, which has more than onethird of the worlds 18000 butterfly species ackery, 1984. Our knowledge of distribution and diversity of insect. The biology and ecology of the large blue butterfly phengaris. Maculinea arion linnaeus, yokohama lycaena euphemus kazamoto ab.